{"id":7572,"date":"2024-10-05T09:12:54","date_gmt":"2024-10-05T06:12:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/?p=7572"},"modified":"2024-10-14T08:45:01","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T05:45:01","slug":"7572-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/7572-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u5ba3\u4f20\u6708"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Meme; s\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcreten salg\u0131 bezleri ve bunlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu 16-20 tane meme loblar\u0131, s\u00fct\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kanallar, meme ba\u015f\u0131 ve halkas\u0131 ve bu dokular\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ya\u011f ve ba\u011f dokusu, damarlar, sinirler ve memeyi deriye do\u011fru asan ba\u011flardan (Cooper) olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"283\" src=\"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kendine-Zaman-Ayir_1_Ic_Sayfa_Banner-1024x283.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7573\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kendine-Zaman-Ayir_1_Ic_Sayfa_Banner-1024x283.png 1024w, https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kendine-Zaman-Ayir_1_Ic_Sayfa_Banner-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kendine-Zaman-Ayir_1_Ic_Sayfa_Banner-1536x424.png 1536w, https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kendine-Zaman-Ayir_1_Ic_Sayfa_Banner-18x5.png 18w, https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kendine-Zaman-Ayir_1_Ic_Sayfa_Banner.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"item-1\">Meme Kanseri Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kanser memede bulunan s\u00fct bezleri ve s\u00fct\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan kanallardaki h\u00fccrelerin kontrols\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde ve s\u00fcrekli \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131yla meydana gelir. &nbsp;Meme kanserlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak %80&#8217;i s\u00fct\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan kanallardan (invaziv duktal karsinom), geriye kalan yakla\u015f\u0131k %20&#8217;lik k\u0131s\u0131m ise s\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcreten salg\u0131 bezlerinden (invaziv lob\u00fcler karsinom) ve bunlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kanallarla birle\u015ftikleri yerlerden geli\u015fir. Fakat bunlar\u0131n haricinde nadiren de olsa med\u00fcller, t\u00fcb\u00fcler ve m\u00fcsin\u00f6z gibi farkl\u0131 meme kanseri histolojik tipleri de bulunur. Meme kanserindeki s\u0131kl\u0131kla bir tek h\u00fccrenin \u00e7o\u011falarak kitle olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ortalama 7-8 y\u0131l al\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre kanserin b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Kanser h\u00fccreleri \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131ktan sonra lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerine ve kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla v\u00fccudun di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerine yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterebilir.<br><br>Meme kanseri, meme dokusunda ya da koltuk alt\u0131nda \u015fi\u015flik ve kitle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile karakterizedir. Ancak meme ucundan gelen ak\u0131nt\u0131 ve memede \u015fekil bozuklu\u011fu gibi belirtilere de yol a\u00e7abilir. Meme kanserinin erken d\u00f6nemde tan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n koyulmas\u0131, tedavi \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131r\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden meme dokusu i\u00e7inde \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131ran kitle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mutlaka hekime ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca 40 ila 69 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, iki y\u0131lda bir kez mamografi \u00e7ektirmeleri ve sa\u011fl\u0131k taramalar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u00f6nerilir. Bu sayede hen\u00fcz ele gelmeyen kanserler fark edilerek \u00e7ok erken tan\u0131 sa\u011flanabilir. Meme kanseri tan\u0131 ve tedavi y\u00f6ntemlerine ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce s\u0131kl\u0131kla sorulan &#8220;Meme kanseri nedir?&#8221; sorusunu yan\u0131tlamak gerekir. Meme b\u00f6lgesine ait h\u00fccrelerde ba\u015flayan meme kanseri, kalp ve damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan en fazla \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olan hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Kad\u0131n ve erkeklerin toplam\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada en s\u0131k rastlanan kanser t\u00fcr\u00fc olan meme kanseri, nadiren erkeklerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Di\u011fer kanser t\u00fcrlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi meme kanserinde de sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 h\u00fccrelerin DNA&#8217;lar\u0131nda bir tak\u0131m bozulmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<br><br>Meme kanseri, meme dokusundaki h\u00fccrelerin kontrols\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrekli \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. Meme kanserinde, kanser h\u00fccrelerinin olu\u015fumu ve \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131m\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 d\u00f6neminde son derece yava\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde ki\u015finin fark edebilece\u011fi bir belirtiye de neden olmaz.<br><br>Kanser evresi ilerledik\u00e7e h\u00fccrelerin \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131m h\u0131z\u0131 da artar. Bu da dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi ve lenf bezleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla v\u00fccudun farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. 50 ila 70 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen meme kanserinin g\u00f6r\u00fclme ihtimali, ailesinde meme kanseri \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc bulunan ki\u015filerde daha fazlad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden 40 ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlar\u0131n meme kanserine kar\u015f\u0131 meme kanserinin tek erken tan\u0131 ve tarama testi olan mamografi yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra menopoz d\u00f6neminde kullan\u0131lan baz\u0131 hormon ila\u00e7lar\u0131 da meme kanseri riskini artt\u0131r\u0131r. S\u0131kl\u0131kla sorulan &#8220;Meme kanserinde risk fakt\u00f6rleri nelerdir?&#8221; sorusunu yan\u0131tlamadan \u00f6nce &#8220;Meme kanseri belirtileri nelerdir?&#8221; sorusunu cevaplamak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"item-2\">Meme Kanseri Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Erken d\u00f6nemde belirtiye yol a\u00e7mayan ancak mamografi ile te\u015fhis konulabilen meme kanseri vakalar\u0131nda kanserin evresi ilerledik\u00e7e belirtiler de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Meme kanseri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen belirtilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Meme dokusunda ya da koltuk alt\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde hissedilen a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z \u015fi\u015flik ya da kitle, Meme ucundan kanl\u0131 ya da \u015feffaf ak\u0131nt\u0131 gelmesi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meme ucunda yara veya k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k olu\u015fmas\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meme ba\u015f\u0131nda (areola) \u00e7\u00f6kme, renk de\u011fi\u015fimi gibi \u015fekil bozuklu\u011fu olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meme ba\u015f\u0131nda deri d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc ve soyulma gibi cilt problemlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meme cildinde bozulma, portakal kabu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc ya da kal\u0131nla\u015fma<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Memenin asimetrik b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Memede a\u011fr\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"item-3\">Meme Kanseri Evreleri Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Meme kanseri evreleri \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir:<br><br><strong>Evre 0:<\/strong>&nbsp;Kanserin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 evresi olan bu d\u00f6nemde kanser h\u00fccreleri hen\u00fcz mevcut kaps\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015farak meme dokusuna yay\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br><br><strong>Evre 1:&nbsp;<\/strong>Kanserli h\u00fccrelerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kitle, 2 cm&#8217;den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr ve kanser, hen\u00fcz lenf bezlerine ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br><br><strong>Evre 2:&nbsp;<\/strong>T\u00fcm\u00f6r 2 ila 5 cm. aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir boyuta sahiptir. Kanser, lenf bezlerine yay\u0131l\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015f olabilir.<br><br><strong>Evre 3 :&nbsp;<\/strong>Kanserli 5 cm. \u00dczerinde veya cilde ya da g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs duvar\u0131na do\u011fru yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve lenf bezlerine metastaz yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br><br><strong>Evre 4:&nbsp;<\/strong>Meme kanseri, v\u00fccutta bulunan di\u011fer doku ve organlara s\u0131\u00e7ram\u0131\u015f ya da farkl\u0131 bir deyi\u015fle metastaz yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"item-4\">Meme Kanserinde Risk Fakt\u00f6rleri Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Her 8 kad\u0131ndan birinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen meme kanserinin geli\u015fiminde baz\u0131 risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Yaln\u0131zca 50 ya\u015f ve \u00fczerinde olmak bile meme kanseri i\u00e7in risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak gen\u00e7 bir n\u00fcfusa sahip olan \u00fclkemizde t\u00fcm meme kanserli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 50 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131nda ve %20si 40 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yani \u00fclkemizde meme kanseri geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re daha gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu nedenle \u00fclkemizde meme kanseri i\u00e7in mamografik tarama ya\u015f\u0131 bat\u0131 toplumunda oldu\u011fu gibi 50 de\u011fil 40 ya\u015ft\u0131r. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde meme kanseri tan\u0131s\u0131 alan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %70&#8217;i 50 ya\u015f ve \u00fczerindeki kad\u0131nlardan olu\u015fur. 55 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra menopoza girilmesi de meme kanseri g\u00f6r\u00fclme riskini artt\u0131r\u0131r. Menopoz d\u00f6neminde 5 y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcreyle \u00f6strojen tedavisi alan kad\u0131nlarda da meme kanseri g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir.Meme kanseri olu\u015fumunda rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen etkenler \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Kad\u0131n olmak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obez ya da \u015fi\u015fman olmak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00fczenli olarak alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menar\u015f (ilk \u00e2det g\u00f6rme) ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 (12 ya\u015f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hi\u00e7 do\u011fum yapmam\u0131\u015f olmak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hi\u00e7 emzirmemi\u015f olmak veya 12 aydan daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcre emzirmek,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130lk do\u011fumdan \u00f6nce uzun s\u00fcre ile do\u011fum kontrol hap\u0131 kullanmak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130lk do\u011fumun 30 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>55 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar menopoza girmemi\u015f olmak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menopoz d\u00f6neminden sonra hormon tedavisi almak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BRCA-1, BRCA-2 hastal\u0131kl\u0131 meme kanseri genlerine sahip olmak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ailede meme kanseri \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"item-5\">Meme Kanseri Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Koyulur?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Meme kanserinde erken tan\u0131, tedaviyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi tedavinin ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 da artt\u0131r\u0131r. Erken tan\u0131da ama\u00e7, ki\u015fide hen\u00fcz meme kanseri belirtileri olu\u015fmadan kanser bulgular\u0131n\u0131n fark edilmesidir. Meme kanserinin erken tan\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in kad\u0131nlar\u0131n 20 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra ayda bir kez \u00e2det d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en 1. haftada elle kendi memesini muayene etmeleri gereklidir. Memede asimetri, kitle, ciltte ve meme ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6kme gibi farkl\u0131l\u0131k hisseden kad\u0131nlar\u0131n aile hekimi, kad\u0131n do\u011fum uzman\u0131 veya cerrahi uzman\u0131na ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 gereklidir.<br><br>Kad\u0131n\u0131n hekime ba\u015fvurmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelikle hastan\u0131n anamnezini al\u0131n\u0131r, fizik muayenesi yap\u0131l\u0131r ve mamografi, ultrason, ve MR gibi tan\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri istenebilir. Gerekli durumlarda meme biyopsisi yap\u0131l\u0131r ve tan\u0131ya gidilir. Meme kanserinden erken tan\u0131 ve tarama y\u00f6ntemlerinden \u00f6nemli bir tanesi de klinikte meme muayenesidir. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n 40 ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren ya\u015fam boyu her y\u0131l aile hekimi, kad\u0131n do\u011fum uzman\u0131 veya cerrahi uzman\u0131na muayene olmalar\u0131 gereklidir. Y\u00fcksek risk grubunda olmayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n 40 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra en az iki y\u0131lda bir kez mamografi \u00e7ektirmeleri \u00f6nerilir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 dakika s\u00fcren bu i\u015flem sayesinde meme kanseri \u00e7ok erken d\u00f6nemde fark edilebilir. Meme kanseri risk fakt\u00f6rleri bulunan ki\u015filerde ise mamografinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ultrason ve MR gibi farkl\u0131 radyolojik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme y\u00f6ntemleri daha erken ba\u015flayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"item-6\">Meme Kanseri Tedavisi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Meme kanseri tedavisi, hastan\u0131n genel sa\u011fl\u0131k durumuna ve meme kanserinin evresine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde yap\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcm\u00f6r erken evrede fark edilmi\u015f ise tedaviye ameliyatla ba\u015flan\u0131r. \u015eayet hastal\u0131k koltuk alt\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise, memedeki kanser ve metastaz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen lenf bezinden biyopsi al\u0131n\u0131r. Bunlara kemoterapi sonras\u0131 bulunabilmeleri amac\u0131 ile bir i\u015faret yerle\u015ftirilir. Kemoterapiden sonra ameliyat daha sonra da radyoterapi yap\u0131l\u0131r. Uygulanan multidisipliner tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri ile hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tamamen iyile\u015fme \u015fans\u0131 olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir. Meme kanserinin tedavisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda memenin korunmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilir. Lumpektomi y\u00f6ntemiyle kanser h\u00fccreleri ve \u00e7evre dokular \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Zorunlu durumlarda mastektomi denilen y\u00f6ntem ile meme dokusu t\u00fcm\u00fcyle al\u0131n\u0131r ve uygun hastalarda silikon implant ile yeni meme dokusu olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Meme; s\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcreten salg\u0131 bezleri ve bunlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu 16-20 tane meme loblar\u0131, s\u00fct\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kanallar, meme ba\u015f\u0131 ve halkas\u0131 ve bu dokular\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ya\u011f ve ba\u011f dokusu, damarlar, sinirler ve memeyi deriye do\u011fru asan ba\u011flardan (Cooper) olu\u015fur. Meme Kanseri Nedir? Kanser memede bulunan s\u00fct bezleri ve s\u00fct\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan kanallardaki h\u00fccrelerin kontrols\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde ve&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7581,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7572"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7572"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7575,"href":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7572\/revisions\/7575"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medisunhastanesi.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}